Yeah I spent way too many hours the last few days trying to tackle this from my to-do list again. This thread is interesting because I thought everyone would be familiar with the issue. Like tortadefrango97 said, it still happens without internet--it appears immediately as you hit the desktop and right as OneDrive starts installing, and will appear for each new user too. It isn't related to the taskbar ads either, since the pop-up makes Edge on the taskbar become highlighted in orange, and you can see extra Edge processes running.
From what I've seen on Google, this was maybe introduced in 20H2? We know for sure it appears on 21H2 and 22H2. I'm confident this is a typical Windows tour that everyone is supposed to see though, since the prompt urges users to sign-in and sync settings, and even has its own group policy key. Maybe only "Home" edition gets the prompt, or everyone else isn't using a clean/official image like tortadefrango97 and I are? I'm not sure, but now I'm just as curious about why only some people are seeing it.
Even on my custom image which has all the suggestions/tips/ads/etcetera disabled I still get the pop-up too. That's contentdelivery, softlanding, and other related tweaks. I also spent several hours trying to find my own solution, experimenting with things like manually disabling the startup of the Edge app which is hidden from the Windows interface, and had no luck with any of that. I gave up for now as well, until I stumble onto some new info.